Category: Highlights

Overall market risk: In September 2024, West Africa’s fertilizer situation varied across countries, shaped by climatic conditions and agricultural policies. In Ivory Coast, a 20.1% drop in rainfall compared to the previous year disrupted farming and reduced fertilizer demand, yet imports remained stable at around 435,000 MT, with prices for Urea at CFA 21,000 ($35) and NPK 15-15-15 at CFA 22,000 ($37). Ghana struggled with drought, which impacted crop production, particularly in the north, leading to a shortage of NPK 23-10-5, prompting government export bans and support for farmers. In Nigeria, the transition to harvest reduced fertilizer demand, resulting in stable or slightly lower prices due to reduced demand. Conversely, Sierra Leone faced skyrocketing fertilizer prices amid high import dependence and inflation. Benin experienced a shorter rainy season which affected demand, but substantial government subsidy was provided to keep prices low. In Togo, low fertilizer transactions followed the main planting season, although demand is expected to rise with favorable weather forecasts. Senegal encountered shortages in fertilizers like NPK 6-20-10 despite government subsidies. Meanwhile, The Gambia benefited from improved crop production due to favorable conditions and government support, yet overall fertilizer demand decreased as most crops neared harvest.

Generally, the fertilizer market across West Africa experienced stable yet high prices despite the reduced demand due to the ending raining season. Overall, fertilizer supply has been adequate to meet demand country to country, ensuring that agricultural activities continued uninterrupted.

Benin: The 2024 planting season is nearing its end, marked by August – September rainfall totaling 60 mm, lower than the previous year. The rainy season has shortened, with increasingly irregular and intense rainfall, and long droughts lasting up to 30 days in central and southern regions. In contrast, northern areas, including Borgou, Donga, and Atacora, saw an early start to the rainy season, which disrupted normal farming schedules and reduced fertilizer demand. However, this decline has not had a significant impact, as most crops have matured, with some already being harvested in the south. The government has allocated over CFA 24 billion to subsidize fertilizers, allowing farmers to purchase a 50 kg bag of Urea for CFA 15,000 (US$25) and NPK for CFA 17,000 (US$28), while non-subsidized prices are much higher. To protect these subsidies, authorities are cracking down on illegal fertilizer exports, with border enforcement tasked to stop such activities.

Côte d’Ivoire: The major agricultural season is nearing its end, with 20.1% less rainfall from January to August, compared to the same period in 2023, according to meteorological reports. These irregular weather patterns disrupted farming activities, including fertilizer application, leading to a significant drop in fertilizer demand. Despite this, fertilizer supply remains steady, with an additional 48,000 MT delivered, bringing total imports from January to September to around 435,000 MT. This stockpile is crucial for off-season demand and the upcoming cotton tender, which requires 30,720 MT of Urea and 102,000 MT of NPK 15-15-15+6S+1B by October. Fertilizer prices have remained stable, with Urea priced at CFA 21,000 ($35) per 50 kg bag, NPK 0-23-19 at CFA 19,500 ($33), and NPK 15-15-15 at CFA 22,000 ($37). Cotton fertilizer prices remain unchanged from last year, with Urea being sole at CFA 17,050 ($28) and NPK 15-15-15+6S+1B at CFA 18,100 ($30) per 50 kg bag.

Gambia: Over the past three years, crop production in The Gambia has steadily increased, with a notable rise in September 2024 due to favorable weather conditions, subsidized fertilizers, and affordable high-yield seeds. As most crops are now ready for harvest, fertilizer demand has significantly dropped, except for minimal needs from vegetable growers and some rice farms in key regions. Despite heavy September floods washing away some fertilizers, prices remain stable at D1100 (US$15.80) per 50 kg bag, thanks to government subsidies and price controls, with sufficient stock available in local markets.

Ghana: In August through to September, Ghana faced a drought that severely affected crop production, especially in the northern regions. While most fertilizers remain available, a shortage of NPK 23-10-5 in early September shifted demand to other NPK grades. Farmers who planted early were hit hardest by the drought, but late-planters have started to recover with the return of rains. Rising food prices, particularly for cereals, have led some farmers to withhold their stock, anticipating further price increases. In response, the government implemented measures, including a ban on grain exports, rice and maize imports, financial aid for affected farmers, and support for irrigation-based farming. While the minor farming season has begun in the south, the market remains subdued. Most fertilizer prices have held steady, except for NPK 23-10-5, which rose from GHS 430 ($27) to GHS 540 ($34) per 50 kg bag, with retail prices expected to follow.

Liberia: As Liberia’s rainy season nears its end, fertilizer demand is expected to decline. The government is pursuing international partnerships, including talks with China and Indonesia, to boost agricultural job creation, though no direct subsidies for agro-inputs exist. Concerns are rising about the effectiveness of duty-free policies at ports. Many farmers prefer purchasing fertilizers from border areas near Guinea and Ivory Coast to avoid high transportation costs from central agro-dealers in Monrovia, who primarily supply NGOs and projects. Fertilizer prices, including the popular NPK 15-15-15 and Urea (both sold at $55 per 50 kg), remain high, driven by the main farming season and reliance on fertilizers to increase yields. The Russia-Ukraine crisis and the lack of a local fertilizer plant have also contributed to high prices. While the U.S. dollar is the primary currency for transactions, the exchange rate with the Liberian dollar has improved to 1 USD = 192 LD.

Nigeria: As September progresses, Nigeria’s wet season farming is coming to an end, transitioning into the harvest phase. With most fertilization completed, fertilizer demand has naturally declined, leading to stable or slightly reduced prices across the country despite rising production and logistics costs, including fuel and the ex-factory price of Urea, which remains at ₦31,000 per 50 kg bag. Government subsidies have also played a role in stabilizing prices. Fertilizer demand is tapering off as farmers finish their applications, which is reducing pressure on prices. In September, the average retail price of Urea fell by 1.4%, from ₦710,400 ($447) in August to ₦700,400 ($422), while NPK 15-15-15 dropped by 0.4% and NPK 20-10-10 by 0.3%. Fertilizer prices are calculated using an exchange rate of $1 to ₦1,660, up from ₦1,588 in August 2024.

Senegal: In September, the agricultural season is nearing its end, with early reports looking good regarding consumption. However, there has been a shortage of NPK 6-20-10 fertilizer due to higher-than-expected demand. This rise in demand reflects the effective use of fertilizers during the rainy season, backed by substantial subsidies amounting to CFA 120 billion for the 2024-2025 season.

Sierra Leone: In September 2024, Sierra Leone’s fertilizer market saw moderate price increases due to rising domestic demand, heavy reliance on imports, and the initial global disruptions caused by the Ukraine-Russia conflict. This volatility led to nearly quadrupled prices for fertilizers like Urea and NPK 15:15:15 in some regions. Inflation at 25.45% and fluctuating exchange rates, with the leone trading at Nle 22.587 per USD (official market) and Nle 24.400 per USD (black market), worsened the situation. Despite lower fuel prices, the depreciation of the leone drove up fertilizer costs, as all fertilizers are imported. Urea prices ranged from Nle 1,100 ($48) to Nle 1,750 ($76), and NPK from Nle 1,000 ($44) to Nle 1,700 ($75), with higher prices in the Western Area compared to the Northern Province. Awareness of fertilizers’ importance is growing, but many farmers lack knowledge about proper application, which highlights the need for educational policies. While demand was strong in early September, it is expected to decline as the rainy season ends, leading to potential price stabilization.

Togo: In September, fertilizer market transactions in the southern region declined due to the end of the main planting season, a trend exacerbated by short- to medium-term droughts early in the season and an early season conclusion attributed to unusual climate changes. Conversely, the northern region experienced resumed rains following over three weeks of drought. This agro-climatic disruption resulted in low fertilizer demand, with only 346 MT of Urea and 2,401 MT of NPK sold between August and September. However, demand is expected to recover in October, driven by favorable weather forecasts and the initiation of vegetable crops in the south and irrigated areas nationwide. There is no tension on the supply side, thanks to 135,355 MT of fertilizer mobilized under a subsidy program—well above the initial plan of 85,000 MT. This total includes 83,595 MT of Urea and 51,761 MT of NPK, of which 64,213 MT were sold (18,920 MT of Urea and 45,293 MT of NPK). A surplus of 71,142 MT remains available, ensuring adequate supply for off-season needs. Fertilizers are sold at subsidized prices, which have remained unchanged for two years: CFA 18,000 (approximately $30) per 50 kg bag for Urea and NPK 15-15-15, and CFA 14,000 (about $23) for Urea and NPK 12-20-18 +5S +1B in the cotton sector.

Market prices for fertilizers varied between August and September. The price of a 50 kg bag of Urea rose slightly by 1.11%, from CFA 15,625 (US$25.87) in August to CFA 15,800 (US$30.60) in September. Meanwhile, the price of a 50 kg bag of NPK 6-20-10 dropped significantly by 19.33%, from CFA 15,000 (US$26.13) to CFA 12,050. The price of NPK 20-20-20 remained steady at CFA 45,000 (US$73.48).

Availability and Affordability: With the rainy season gradually ending and harvest season beginning in some West African countries, the demand for fertilizers has been reducing with prices somewhat stable. Fertilizers are generally available, but supply is moderate. Some countries are seeing price decreases due to reduced demand, but affordability remains a significant issue across the region, as fluctuating local currencies continue to drive up fertilizer prices.

Distribution: In September, fertilizer importation, transportation, and logistics in West Africa went smoothly with few disruptions or border restrictions. Significant quantities of fertilizers were successfully moved through entry points and distributed. In Nigeria, logistics were mostly efficient, though the Northeast region experienced transportation restrictions due to security issues. The National Port Authority (NPA) was instrumental in ensuring effective logistics and expediting clearance processes for fertilizers across West Africa, provided proper documentation was maintained.

Overall market risk: In August 2024, West Africa’s agricultural sector faced significant challenges due to extreme weather conditions and fluctuating fertilizer markets. Heavy rainfall and flooding in countries like Nigeria and Niger caused widespread crop damage, while other regions struggled with droughts, leading to water shortages. These unpredictable weather patterns, exacerbated by climate change, underscored the urgent need for improved climate resilience in agriculture to safeguard food security. Simultaneously, the fertilizer market across West Africa experienced stable yet high prices driven by increased demand during the planting season. Côte d’Ivoire managed to stabilize prices by stockpiling fertilizers, keeping costs around $42 (CFA 25.000) per 50 kg bag. However, affordability issues plagued countries like Ghana and Nigeria, where currency depreciation and fluctuating exchange rates added financial pressure on farmers. In Liberia, the rainy season boosted fertilizer demand, but prices fell as dealers cleared old stock, while Togo maintained a strong supply, though demand remained unexpectedly low. Despite government interventions, high fertilizer costs continued to burden smallholder farmers across the region. Overall, fertilizer supply has been adequate to meet the rising demand, and to ensure that agricultural activities can continue uninterrupted.

Benin: In August, agricultural activities are progressing well across the country. The government has allocated over 24 billion CFA to subsidize fertilizers, allowing farmers to purchase a 50 kg bag of Urea for $25 (15,000 CFA) and NPK for $28 (17,000 CFA), compared to $33 (19,500 CFA) and $38 (22,500 CFA) on the open market. To combat the illegal export of subsidized fertilizers, authorities have implemented measures, including border law enforcement to arrest and prosecute violators.

Cote d’Ivoire: In August, the fertilizer market remained stable in West Africa, with major importers bringing in nearly 400,000 MT of fertilizer by mid-year. Despite an increase in demand over the past two months, the market experienced no shortages. Fertilizer prices reflected this stability, with Urea priced at about $35 per 50 kg bag, and NPK fertilizers ranging from $33 to $37. For cotton, fertilizer prices were consistent with the previous year, with Urea at $28 and NPK at $30 per 50 kg bag.

Gambia: Over the past three years, agricultural output in The Gambia has steadily increased due to favorable rainfall, the availability of highly subsidized fertilizers, and affordable high-yield seeds. Free agricultural extension services have also played a crucial role in enhancing productivity. In August 2024, fertilizer distribution faced temporary shortages in some regions due to supply being restricted to agents who fulfilled previous agreements, though these issues were gradually resolved. Fertilizer prices remained stable at GMD 1,100 per 50 kg bag, significantly lower than prices across the border, leading to smuggling. The Gambian government’s interventions aim to support vulnerable farmers and ensure food security, though economic challenges still affect fertilizer affordability in rural areas.

Ghana: Fertilizer prices have remained stable over the past two months, with ample stock available among importers and distributors. However, farmers in eight regions are facing significant losses due to a prolonged dry spell, affecting approximately 430,000 farmers and 871,000 hectares of crops, leading to an estimated GHS 3.5 million in losses. To alleviate financial pressures, the government plans to integrate input grants like fertilizers and seeds with the Planting for Food and Jobs (PFJ) input-credit system. As of August 2024, the prices for Urea, Ammonium Sulphate, and NPK 23-10-5 have remained unchanged since June, at GHS 420.77, GHS 288.00, and GHS 450.71 per 50 kg bag, respectively.

Liberia: In August, heavy rainfall in Liberia significantly disrupted farming activities, leading to increased demand for agro-inputs like fertilizers and soil amendments. Prices for these inputs rose by $5 to $10 per 50kg bag, largely due to higher transportation costs caused by deteriorating roads. Although the government maintains duty-free status on agricultural materials, the absence of direct subsidies has made fertilizers less affordable for farmers, despite their importance for crop yields. Programs like STAR-P and RETRAP are helping some farmers access these inputs. Fertilizers, primarily NPK 15-15-15 and Urea, are mainly imported from neighboring countries and are sold for around $55 per 50kg bag. Transactions are commonly conducted in U.S. dollars, with the exchange rate stable at 1 USD to 194 Liberian dollars.

Nigeria: In August, Nigeria’s active farming season, driven by favorable rainy weather, boosted the cultivation of food and cash crops nationwide, increasing demand for Urea and NPK fertilizers. This demand led to higher supply and sales for agrodealers, supported by government-subsidized fertilizers, making them more accessible to farmers across various States. Recent fertilizer imports have ensured sufficient availability, though prices saw a slight increase due to sustained demand and higher transportation costs amid fuel scarcity. Urea prices rose from ₦29,500 to ₦31,000 per 50 kg bag, with retail prices of NPK 15-15-15 and NPK 20-10-10 also experiencing modest increases, influenced by the rising exchange rate of ₦1,588 per USD in August.

Senegal: In August 2024, the fertilizer market was heavily influenced by substantial subsidies amounting to CFA 120 billion for the 2024-2025 season. In Senegal, where the government is the primary buyer, ensuring smooth distribution is crucial for private sector involvement. Currently, about 75% of fertilizers is in place, with expectations of reaching 90% by early September due to coordinated efforts. Subsidized fertilizer prices remain regulated, with NPK fertilizers ranging from CFA 6,500 to CFA 12,500 and Urea at CFA 10,000, while organic fertilizers are priced between CFA 1,000 and CFA 1,500. On the open market, Urea prices have decreased by 13.19% to an average of CFA 15,625, and NPK fertilizers vary from CFA 15,000 to CFA 45,000, with various sulphates available from CFA 10,125 to CFA 70,000 for 25 kg bags.

Sierra Leone: The peak of the rainy season brought heavy rains, causing floods and landslides, yet farming activities, including weeding and fertilizer application, continued. Fertilizer demand was strong, particularly among rice farmers, and was expected to remain high throughout August. The government distributed 30,000 bags of fertilizer nationwide, which could affect market prices. Despite high availability, fertilizer prices varied across regions, with the Northern Province generally seeing lower prices compared to the Western Area. Price fluctuations were influenced by import costs and the impact of government-subsidized fertilizer entering the market.

Togo: The fertilizer market remained stable in August 2024 in Togo, supported by a government subsidy that mobilized 113,596 MT of fertilizer, surpassing the initial forecast of 85,000 MT. By August, 73,889 MT had been delivered to 232 sales points, with 61,267 MT distributed. However, market transactions declined as the main rainy season ended, reducing the demand for fertilizers, especially as most crops reached maturity. Vegetable crops in irrigated areas sustained limited demand, but a continued decline is expected into September due to dry winds in the north affecting crop growth. Subsidized prices for fertilizers remain unchanged, with Urea and NPK 15-15-15 sold at $30 per 50 kg bag, while cotton-specific fertilizers are priced at $23 per bag.

Availability and Affordability: With the rainy season at its peak in some West African countries, the demand for fertilizers has risen, though not as sharply as in previous years. Fertilizers are generally available, but supply is moderate. Some countries are seeing price increases due to high demand. Affordability remains a significant issue across the region, as fluctuating local currencies continue to drive up fertilizer prices.

Distribution: In August, fertilizer importation, transportation, and logistics in West Africa went smoothly with few disruptions or border restrictions. Significant quantities of fertilizers were successfully moved through entry points and distributed. In Nigeria, logistics were mostly efficient, though the Northeast region experienced transportation restrictions due to security issues. The National Port Authority (NPA) was instrumental in ensuring effective logistics and expediting clearance processes for fertilizers across West Africa, provided proper documentation was maintained.

Overall market risk: As the rainy season approaches its peak across West Africa, the demand for fertilizers has generally increased, invigorating the markets. However, reports from most countries indicate that the current demand levels are still not as high as those seen in similar periods in the past. The vibrant market dynamics are influenced by a variety of factors, with some countries experiencing stable market conditions while others face increased prices. These price hikes are primarily driven by domestic issues such as currency fluctuations, which impact the affordability and accessibility of fertilizers for farmers.

Despite these economic challenges, fertilizer products have remained relatively available across West Africa. This is noteworthy, given the region’s diverse political landscape, where some countries have faced significant instability, including coups d’état. Remarkably, even in these politically unstable environments, there have been no reports of fertilizer scarcity, which highlights the resilience and adaptability of the supply chains. The overall supply of fertilizers has been adequate to meet the rising demand, and to ensure that agricultural activities can continue uninterrupted. This steady supply is crucial for supporting the agricultural sector, which is a significant part of the economy in many West African countries. Farmers rely on fertilizers to enhance crop yields and ensure food security, making the availability and affordability of these products a critical issue.

Benin: In July 2024, agricultural activities intensified, leading to increased fertilizer demand, particularly for cotton in the north and central regions, and rice and maize in the south. Despite the high demand, there have been no shortages, as the supply has met farmers’ needs. Authorities have warned against the illegal export of subsidized fertilizers from Benin. The government, having spent over CFA 24 billion on subsidies, allows farmers to buy Urea for $25 and NPK for $28 per 50kg bag, compared to higher unsubsidized prices. Border security forces have been instructed to apprehend offenders involved in fraudulent exports.

Ivory Coast: In July, agricultural activities have surged, increasing fertilizer demand. Distributors and retailers maintain steady supplies, and importers have stockpiled in anticipation of peak use. In June 2024, Côte d’Ivoire received 30,000 MT of fertilizer, totaling 370,000 MT for the first half of the year, meeting consumption forecasts. This stability keeps prices steady, with July prices for Urea, NPK 0-23-19, and NPK 15-15-15 lower than in May. In the cotton sector, planting continues with last year’s fertilizer prices still in effect. Overall, the market remains stable with consistent supply and pricing.

Ghana: Fertilizer prices have remained relatively stable month on month. January to date, over 300,000 MT of fertilizer have been imported into the country, surpassing the total amount imported in 2023. In July, particularly, there has been no change in the retail prices of Ammonium Sulphate, Urea and NPK 23-10-5. Ammonium Sulphate was priced at GHS 288.00 per 50kg bag in June 2024 and stayed at that level in July 2024. The average price of Urea has likewise stayed constant at GHS 420.77 per 50 kg bag.         

Liberia: Since the beginning of July, heavy rains have caused flooding in central Monrovia and surrounding areas, affecting crops and disrupting logistics for agro-dealers, though transportation costs have not significantly increased. Despite this, there is still adequate supply of fertilizers in Liberia, with prices remaining stable due to a consistent supply-demand trend over the past few months. The general market price of fertilizers has not changed from last month, with an estimated 500 to 1200 MT available. NPK 15-15-15 and NPK 17-17-17 are the main fertilizers used, averaging 8,775 Liberian Dollars (LD) per 50 kg bag. TJAL and MaBendu maintain their prices at 45 USD per 50 kg bag of NPK and Urea, while Aims prices them at 40 USD, reflecting a stable market environment that helps farmers plan and budget effectively.

Nigeria: In July 2024, heightened farming activities increased engagements between farmers and agrodealers, boosting fertilizer sales and ensuring steady business operations. Continuous production efforts have stabilized the market, preventing potential shortages. Despite adequate availability, affordability remains a challenge, leading to increased competition as farmers seek cost-effective yet quality fertilizers. This has resulted in a diverse range of brands and formulations in the market. Fertilizer prices saw a slight increase, particularly for NPK products, due to heightened farming activities, high production costs, inflation, transportation expenses, and naira instability. The ex-factory price of Urea decreased from ₦30,000 to ₦29,500 per 50 kg bag, causing varied retail prices based on older stock prices, while NPK 20-10-10 went up by 2.6%, from June to July.

Sierra Leone: In the reporting month, Sierra Leone’s inflation dropped to 35.84% from 42.59% in June, marking an 18% reduction over the past eight months. The exchange rate remained stable at Nle 22.5440/$, and overall commodity prices were stable in July. However, fertilizer prices saw slight increases in the Western, Northern, and Eastern Provinces, driven by high demand during the peak farming season, while the Southern Province reported no price changes. The wet season’s heavy downpours have sustained this demand, expected to continue into August. Without government subsidies during the peak season, demand from retailers and farmers has risen, leading to higher projected fertilizer prices. Normally, subsidies at this time disrupt the usual distribution flow from wholesalers to retailers and farmers.

Togo: Maize planting continues in the north, while in the south, maize is in the heading phase. The government provided 113,596 MT of fertilizer, exceeding the forecast of 85,000 MT, aiding smooth planting. Fertilizer market transactions doubled from June to July, rising from 20,910 MT to 40,084 MT. This trend is expected to persist in August in the north as crops flower, while fertilizer use will decrease in the south as crops mature. Subsidized fertilizer prices remain unchanged from two years ago. Urea and NPK 15-15-15 for food crops are $30 per 50kg bag, and cotton-specific fertilizers are $23 per 50kg bag. On the open market, NPK 4-2-2 with 63% organic matter is sold at $30 per 50kg bag.

Senegal: The agricultural season is progressing with a focus on ensuring effective fertilizer availability. Despite minor delays in some areas, stakeholders are optimistic about distribution of inputs. Challenges include managing input storage and monitoring. A shortage of NPK 15-10-10 persists in Kolda, Tambacounda, and Kédougou, but is expected to be resolved soon. Subsidized fertilizer prices range from CFA 6,500 to CFA 12,500 for NPK and CFA 10,000 for Urea, with free phosphate. Organic fertilizers are sold between 1,000 and CFA 1,500 per unit. On the open market, Urea averages CFA 18,000 (USD 30.60). NPK 6-20-10, NPK 15-15-15, and NPK 20-20-20 cost CFA 15,667 (USD 26.13), CFA 18,125 (USD 30.81), and CFA 45,000 (USD 73.48) respectively for 25 kg and 50 kg bags. Various sulfates are available in 25 kg bags priced between CFA 10,125 (USD 17.21) and CFA 70,000 (USD 116.18).

Availability and Affordability: With the rainy season now at its peak in some West African countries, the demand for fertilizers has increased, though not as much as expected compared to previous similar periods. Fertilizers are generally available, with moderate availability experienced in Ghana and Benin. Some countries are experiencing price increases due to heightened demand. Affordability remains a critical issue across West Africa, as the instability of most local currencies is contributing to the rise in fertilizer prices.

Distribution: In July, fertilizer importation, transportation, and logistics proceeded smoothly across West Africa, with minimal disruptions or border restrictions. Significant volumes of fertilizers were successfully transported through entry points and distributed to Burkina Faso and Mali. In Nigeria, logistical operations remained largely unhindered, except in the Northeast region, where security challenges-imposed transportation restrictions. The National Port Authority (NPA) played a pivotal role in facilitating efficient logistical operations and expediting clearance processes for fertilizers across West Africa, contingent upon proper documentation.

Overall market risk: With the rains fully established in most West African countries, the farming season and fertilizer markets are once again vibrant, marked by an observable increase in demand. However, despite this recent uptick, the current demand still falls short of previous years when compared to the same time frame. The primary factor driving this reduced demand is the increased cost of fertilizer products month on month, which has impacted affordability. The price increase varies from country to country, particularly in private sector dominated markets. Additionally, currency devaluation has exacerbated the situation. Whilst prices may not have increased significantly in dollar terms, they have risen in local currencies from country to country. Despite these challenges, fertilizer products have been relatively available across West Africa, with no reports of scarcity, even in countries that experienced political instability such as coups d’état. Overall, there has been an adequate supply to meet the rising demand despite the price challenges.

Benin: The Beninese authorities have assured stakeholders that stocks of Urea, NPK and SSP are in line with initial forecasts, and that supplies are being delivered throughout the country. However, they are concerned about the fraudulent export of subsidized fertilizers out of the country, following reports that some agricultural players are involved in these illegal practices.

Cote d’Ivoire: In June, heavy rains increased planting activity, leading to a predictable rise in fertilizer demand. Importers responded by mobilizing stocks, resulting in 300,000 tons of fertilizer imported into Côte d’Ivoire, meeting 100% of forecasts based on the past five years’ average consumption. Continuous stock mobilization and declining international prices stabilized the market, ensuring supply met demand. Local prices in June were lower than in May, with urea at $35, NPK 0-23-19 at $33, and NPK 15-15-15 at $37 per 50 kg bag. In the cotton sector, official fertilizer prices are awaited, with current prices at $28 for urea and $30 for NPK. Overall, stable supply and falling prices-maintained market stability, meeting the rising demand due to the rainy season.

Ghana: Farmer registration continues, and fertilizer distribution is active across all regions, particularly in the south. The country has imported 291,032 MT of fertilizers, accounting for about 65% of the annual import target, indicating strong domestic demand for agricultural inputs. In June, most fertilizer prices slightly decreased compared to May, except for NPK 23-10-5, which saw a 1% increase. As of June 2024, most fertilizer prices have slightly decreased compared to May, except for NPK 23-10-5, which saw a marginal increase: Ammonium Sulphate: Decreased by 1% from GHS 292.00 to GHS 288.00, Urea: Dropped by 3% from GHS 433.08 to GHS 420.77, NPK 23-10-5: Increased by 1% from GHS 446.82 to GHS 450.71.

Liberia: This month, the agro-dealers face a medium market risk as farmers strive to optimize yields amid hopes for government subsidies on high fertilizer prices. Despite a recent average price drop of $5, stricter entry requirements enforced by customs and revenue authorities are complicating the movement of large fertilizer shipments within the country, aimed at funding agricultural incentives. Moreover, poor road conditions between Côte d’Ivoire and Liberia, and Guinea and Liberia, are contributing to higher fertilizer costs. As the main farming season progresses, fertilizers are accessible nationwide but remain prohibitively expensive for farmers due to both purchase costs and transportation expenses. The price this month is an average of 8,775 Liberian dollars (LD). Transactions largely occur in USD due to the high exchange rate of 1 USD to 195 LD, resulting in an increase of 1,275 LD in local currency prices compared to last month. Among major agrodealers, two reduced prices from 50 USD to 45 USD in June, while the third maintained a price of 40 USD, reflecting varying market strategies amidst current economic challenges.

Nigeria: Nigeria is currently experiencing heavy rainfall across most regions, particularly in the Northeast and Northwest, which has greatly boosted agricultural activities. Farmers are actively engaged in farming due to favorable weather conditions, leading to an increased demand for fertilizers nationwide as the rainy season progresses. To meet this demand, blending plants are scaling up production, especially for NPK fertilizers. Despite this, affordability remains a challenge for many farmers, limiting the volume they purchase. High fertilizer prices persist due to production costs, transportation expenses, and currency fluctuations. The retail market reflects growing competition among fertilizer brands, driven by farmers seeking quality products at affordable prices. In June, prices generally increased, influenced by rising demand, production costs, inflation, transportation expenses, and currency instability. However, there was a slight reduction in the ex-factory price of Urea towards the end of the month, which may stabilize or reduce prices in subsequent periods. The average retail prices of urea, NPK 15-15-15, and NPK 20-10-10 saw increases, reflecting economic pressures and an exchange rate of $1 to ₦1,490 in June 2024, up from ₦1,383 in May 2024.

Sierra Leone: In June 2024, fertilizer sales in Sierra Leone saw a notable uptick compared to the previous month, particularly in the Western Area and among key suppliers in the North. This increase coincides with the peak of the rainy season, facilitating favorable farming conditions across the country. Anticipated demand growth spans small and large-scale cash crop farmers in the North and South, as well as vegetable and rice growers nationwide. Prices for fertilizers vary regionally, with higher costs observed in the Western Area compared to the Northern province, where prices are notably lower. Sierra Leone relies entirely on imported mineral fertilizers, sourced from neighboring regions and further abroad, influencing pricing dynamics linked to import costs, transportation, and distribution logistics. Throughout June, fertilizer prices remained stable, with major importers maintaining consistent prices for Urea, NPK, and DAP fertilizers. However, price variations exist among importers, with Urea prices ranging from Nle 1,200 ($54) to Nle 1,500 ($69) per 50kg bag. Average prices per ton include Nle 26,000 ($1,097) for Urea, Nle 30,000 ($1,266) for NPK 15:15:15, and Nle 20,000 ($844) for DAP.

Togo: In June 2024, widespread rainfall across Togo has facilitated robust crop establishment activities, with distinct stages observed in different agro-ecological zones. Southern regions are experiencing full bloom, while the north witnesses sowing and emergence phases. To support the ongoing agricultural season, the government had originally planned for 85,000 tons of fertilizer but mobilized 113,596 tons by mid-June, surpassing expectations. Distribution favored the south with 94,882 tons and allocated 18,714 tons to the north. Demand for fertilizer surged from 6,054 tons in May to 20,910 tons in June, reflecting increasing agricultural activities expected to continue in the coming months. Subsidized fertilizer prices set two years ago remain unchanged, with urea and NPK 15-15-15 priced at $30 (18,000 FCFA) per 50kg bag for food crops, and $23 (14,000 FCFA) for cotton-specific blends like NPK 12-20-18 +5S +1B and urea. On the open market, NPK 4-2-2 with 63% organic matter is prevalent, also priced at $30 (18,000 FCFA) per 50kg bag.

Senegal: In June 2024, Senegal’s agricultural season commenced with efforts from both private and public sectors to procure fertilizers following subsidy price announcements by MASAE. However, delays in fertilizer distribution were reported in certain regions like Kolda, Tambacounda, and Kédougou, where popular varieties such as NPK 15-10-10 were unavailable, leaving only urea accessible in Ziguinchor. In the free market, a variety of fertilizers remained available with stable prices. Subsidized urea was priced at 10,000 CFA francs, contrasting with an average of 21,300 CFA francs in the open market. Various NPK blends like 6-20-10, 15-15-15, and 20-20-20 were priced at 16,500 FCFA (26.94 USD), 18,875 FCFA (30.82 USD), and 45,000 FCFA (73.48 USD) respectively for 25 kg and 50 kg bags. Additionally, sulphates such as copper, potash, and zinc were available primarily in 1 kg and 25 kg bags, used preventively against fungal attacks and to enhance crop productivity, priced between 10,500 FCFA (17.41 USD) and 70,000 FCFA (116.18 USD). Ministerial measures at the season’s onset-maintained market stability, setting transfer prices for mineral fertilizers and ensuring phosphate distribution at no cost. Liquid and solid organic fertilizers and amendments were also available at unit prices ranging from 1,000 to 1,500 CFA francs.

Availability and Affordability: West African fertilizer markets are showing mixed price trends as the planting season begins. While fertilizers are widely available, with moderate availability in Ghana and Benin, some countries are experiencing price increases due to heightened demand during the rainy season. In response, several governments are providing subsidies to help farmers cope with the high prices.

Distribution: Fertilizer importation, transportation, and logistics have proceeded smoothly across West Africa, with minimal disruptions or border restrictions noted in May. Substantial volumes of fertilizers were successfully transported through entry points and distributed to Mali and Burkina Faso. In Nigeria, logistical operations remain largely unhindered, except for the Northeast region, where security challenges pose transportation restrictions. The National Port Authority (NPA) plays a pivotal role in facilitating efficient logistical operations and expediting clearance processes for fertilizers across the West African region, contingent upon proper documentation.

Overall market risk: In West Africa, the onset of the rainy season has marked the beginning of planting seasons, leading farmers to actively engage in agricultural activities. This increased farming activity has significantly raised the demand for fertilizers, making them essential for boosting crop yields. Consequently, fertilizer sales in the region have surged, reflecting the heightened demand. The increased demand has driven up prices, in addition to the depreciation of some country’s currency making it more expensive for farmers to procure the necessary supplies for their crops. While certain regions are meeting fertilizer demand with ample stocks and stable prices, affordability has become an issue in other areas due to fluctuating exchange rates. Overall, there was adequate supply to meet the rising demand brought on by the rainy season, although prices varied by region.

Benin: The agricultural season has commenced with the arrival of the first rains, leading to increased fertilizer demand in the southern and central regions. Government subsidies have alleviated concerns about accessibility, with over 24 billion FCFA allocated to maintain lower fertilizer prices. Urea is now priced at $25 (15,000 FCFA) per 50 kg bag, and NPK at $28 (17,000 FCFA). Without these subsidies, farmers would have faced higher costs, with urea at $33 (19,500 FCFA) and NPK at $38 (22,500 FCFA). Despite the slow mobilization of stocks, with only 200,000 tonnes available, representing 67% of the forecast, authorities remain optimistic as they expect more shipments soon at the Autonomous Port of Cotonou.

Cote d’Ivoire: The main planting season has begun, marked by the first rains and the start of sowing, which has boosted fertilizer demand among farmers. Anticipating this increase in demand, importers have continued to build up stocks to meet it. In May, approximately 300,000 tonnes of fertilizers were imported into Côte d’Ivoire, according to customs data. Regarding prices, relative stability has been observed, with prices not exceeding $42 (25,000 FCFA) per 50 kg bag for all types of fertilizers. Concerning cotton, attention remains focused on the official announcement of fertilizer prices. In the meantime, current fertilizer prices are $28 (around 17,050 FCFA) for urea and $30 (around 18,100 FCFA) for NPK, providing some predictability for farmers.

Ghana: Despite an ample supply of fertilizers in the country, buyers have struggled to afford the costs due to the ongoing depreciation of the currency against the US dollar. Most fertilizer prices saw only a slight increase in May 2024 compared to previous prices. The Ministry of Food and Agriculture (MoFA) in Ghana has authorized two companies are expected to supply NPK and urea fertilizers on behalf of the World Bank. For the 2024 planting season, approximately 31,200 bags of 50 kg NPK and 14,000 bags of 50 kg urea fertilizer have been distributed to smallholder farmers in the northern region. This distribution is part of the EU, FAO, and GoG support for enhancing food security in the country.

Liberia: The demand for fertilizers and other farming inputs has surged during the rainy season as farmers aim to boost yields for this year’s farming season. However, there has been minimal or no government intervention regarding border regulations and subsidies to support farmers and facilitate business for agro-dealers. This lack of support has led agro-dealers to reduce their fertilizer prices compared to the stable prices in the last two months. Their strategy is to minimize profit margins while clearing old stock to make room for new supplies for the upcoming farming seasons. Currently, fertilizers are more readily available and priced lower than in previous months. This increased availability allows farmers to take advantage of the slight price reduction to purchase more for the current and upcoming months.

Nigeria: Fertilizer prices have fluctuated significantly due to the volatility in the dollar-to-naira exchange rate. Despite adequate availability of fertilizer products in the market, the primary challenge lies in their affordability, particularly for smallholder farmers. These farmers are finding it increasingly difficult to purchase the necessary fertilizers due to the high costs involved. The earlier optimism seen among farmers, when prices began to decrease in the previous month, has now been overshadowed by recent price hikes. This sudden price increase has dashed hopes and created frustration among farmers who were anticipating continued reduction or stability of fertilizer prices in the market. Fertilizer sales in May 2024 have been moderately high compared to April 2024.

Sierra Leone: May marks the second month of the rainy season, with temperatures leveling up for farming operations, which are generally kicking off. Accordingly, the fertilizer demand has gradually increased and is expected to continue rising throughout the wet season as farmers engage massively in cultivating numerous crops. During this period, fertilizer dealers across the country anticipate high demand from small-scale and large-scale cash crop farmers in the North and South, as well as from vegetable and rice farmers. Fertilizer prices are expected to remain stable or see a moderate increase in some regions due to the rising demand. However, prices are relatively irregular across the country, being generally lower in the Northern province compared to the Western Area, where prices remain higher.

Togo: The agricultural season began in May 2024, particularly in southern Togo, where planting is intensifying across all farms. In preparation for this season, the state had mobilized 103,250 tonnes of fertilizers in April. In May, an additional 2,718 tonnes were added, bringing the total to 105,968 tonnes of fertilizers, distributed across 230 dedicated stores throughout the country. Anticipating the resumption of agricultural activities, 86,628 tonnes of fertilizers out of the total were allocated to the southern region, while 19,341 tonnes were sent to the north. In addition to the volumes mobilized by the state, the private sector reported importing 7,250 tonnes of fertilizers. Although agricultural activities have resumed and the supply is sufficient, demand remains low, with only 6,054 tonnes reported as purchased in May.

Availability and Affordability: In May, there were no reports of fertilizer shortages across the region, as most countries indicated availability following the onset of the planting season. However, the fertilizer markets in West Africa are experiencing rising prices in some countries while in some other countries, prices seem stable. This price increase is driven by the heightened demand due to the ongoing rainy season. In response to these rising costs, some governments are intervening by providing subsidies to mitigate the impact on farmers. Despite these efforts, high prices remain a significant concern. Many farmers have expressed worries that the high prices are limiting their ability to purchase the required quantities of fertilizer needed for their crops.

Distribution: The importation, transport, and logistics of fertilizers have generally occurred without disruption or restrictions at the borders and within most countries in West Africa. In May, significant volumes of fertilizers were successfully transported through entry points and distributed to Mali and Burkina Faso. Most places in Nigeria face no restrictions, except for the Northeast region, where security issues restrict transportation. The National Port Authority (NPA) plays a crucial role, in ensuring efficient logistical arrangements and quick clearance times for fertilizers with proper documentation in the West Africa region.