Category: Highlights

Overall market risk: As the rainy season approaches its peak across West Africa, the demand for fertilizers has generally increased, invigorating the markets. However, reports from most countries indicate that the current demand levels are still not as high as those seen in similar periods in the past. The vibrant market dynamics are influenced by a variety of factors, with some countries experiencing stable market conditions while others face increased prices. These price hikes are primarily driven by domestic issues such as currency fluctuations, which impact the affordability and accessibility of fertilizers for farmers.

Despite these economic challenges, fertilizer products have remained relatively available across West Africa. This is noteworthy, given the region’s diverse political landscape, where some countries have faced significant instability, including coups d’état. Remarkably, even in these politically unstable environments, there have been no reports of fertilizer scarcity, which highlights the resilience and adaptability of the supply chains. The overall supply of fertilizers has been adequate to meet the rising demand, and to ensure that agricultural activities can continue uninterrupted. This steady supply is crucial for supporting the agricultural sector, which is a significant part of the economy in many West African countries. Farmers rely on fertilizers to enhance crop yields and ensure food security, making the availability and affordability of these products a critical issue.

Benin: In July 2024, agricultural activities intensified, leading to increased fertilizer demand, particularly for cotton in the north and central regions, and rice and maize in the south. Despite the high demand, there have been no shortages, as the supply has met farmers’ needs. Authorities have warned against the illegal export of subsidized fertilizers from Benin. The government, having spent over CFA 24 billion on subsidies, allows farmers to buy Urea for $25 and NPK for $28 per 50kg bag, compared to higher unsubsidized prices. Border security forces have been instructed to apprehend offenders involved in fraudulent exports.

Ivory Coast: In July, agricultural activities have surged, increasing fertilizer demand. Distributors and retailers maintain steady supplies, and importers have stockpiled in anticipation of peak use. In June 2024, Côte d’Ivoire received 30,000 MT of fertilizer, totaling 370,000 MT for the first half of the year, meeting consumption forecasts. This stability keeps prices steady, with July prices for Urea, NPK 0-23-19, and NPK 15-15-15 lower than in May. In the cotton sector, planting continues with last year’s fertilizer prices still in effect. Overall, the market remains stable with consistent supply and pricing.

Ghana: Fertilizer prices have remained relatively stable month on month. January to date, over 300,000 MT of fertilizer have been imported into the country, surpassing the total amount imported in 2023. In July, particularly, there has been no change in the retail prices of Ammonium Sulphate, Urea and NPK 23-10-5. Ammonium Sulphate was priced at GHS 288.00 per 50kg bag in June 2024 and stayed at that level in July 2024. The average price of Urea has likewise stayed constant at GHS 420.77 per 50 kg bag.         

Liberia: Since the beginning of July, heavy rains have caused flooding in central Monrovia and surrounding areas, affecting crops and disrupting logistics for agro-dealers, though transportation costs have not significantly increased. Despite this, there is still adequate supply of fertilizers in Liberia, with prices remaining stable due to a consistent supply-demand trend over the past few months. The general market price of fertilizers has not changed from last month, with an estimated 500 to 1200 MT available. NPK 15-15-15 and NPK 17-17-17 are the main fertilizers used, averaging 8,775 Liberian Dollars (LD) per 50 kg bag. TJAL and MaBendu maintain their prices at 45 USD per 50 kg bag of NPK and Urea, while Aims prices them at 40 USD, reflecting a stable market environment that helps farmers plan and budget effectively.

Nigeria: In July 2024, heightened farming activities increased engagements between farmers and agrodealers, boosting fertilizer sales and ensuring steady business operations. Continuous production efforts have stabilized the market, preventing potential shortages. Despite adequate availability, affordability remains a challenge, leading to increased competition as farmers seek cost-effective yet quality fertilizers. This has resulted in a diverse range of brands and formulations in the market. Fertilizer prices saw a slight increase, particularly for NPK products, due to heightened farming activities, high production costs, inflation, transportation expenses, and naira instability. The ex-factory price of Urea decreased from ₦30,000 to ₦29,500 per 50 kg bag, causing varied retail prices based on older stock prices, while NPK 20-10-10 went up by 2.6%, from June to July.

Sierra Leone: In the reporting month, Sierra Leone’s inflation dropped to 35.84% from 42.59% in June, marking an 18% reduction over the past eight months. The exchange rate remained stable at Nle 22.5440/$, and overall commodity prices were stable in July. However, fertilizer prices saw slight increases in the Western, Northern, and Eastern Provinces, driven by high demand during the peak farming season, while the Southern Province reported no price changes. The wet season’s heavy downpours have sustained this demand, expected to continue into August. Without government subsidies during the peak season, demand from retailers and farmers has risen, leading to higher projected fertilizer prices. Normally, subsidies at this time disrupt the usual distribution flow from wholesalers to retailers and farmers.

Togo: Maize planting continues in the north, while in the south, maize is in the heading phase. The government provided 113,596 MT of fertilizer, exceeding the forecast of 85,000 MT, aiding smooth planting. Fertilizer market transactions doubled from June to July, rising from 20,910 MT to 40,084 MT. This trend is expected to persist in August in the north as crops flower, while fertilizer use will decrease in the south as crops mature. Subsidized fertilizer prices remain unchanged from two years ago. Urea and NPK 15-15-15 for food crops are $30 per 50kg bag, and cotton-specific fertilizers are $23 per 50kg bag. On the open market, NPK 4-2-2 with 63% organic matter is sold at $30 per 50kg bag.

Senegal: The agricultural season is progressing with a focus on ensuring effective fertilizer availability. Despite minor delays in some areas, stakeholders are optimistic about distribution of inputs. Challenges include managing input storage and monitoring. A shortage of NPK 15-10-10 persists in Kolda, Tambacounda, and Kédougou, but is expected to be resolved soon. Subsidized fertilizer prices range from CFA 6,500 to CFA 12,500 for NPK and CFA 10,000 for Urea, with free phosphate. Organic fertilizers are sold between 1,000 and CFA 1,500 per unit. On the open market, Urea averages CFA 18,000 (USD 30.60). NPK 6-20-10, NPK 15-15-15, and NPK 20-20-20 cost CFA 15,667 (USD 26.13), CFA 18,125 (USD 30.81), and CFA 45,000 (USD 73.48) respectively for 25 kg and 50 kg bags. Various sulfates are available in 25 kg bags priced between CFA 10,125 (USD 17.21) and CFA 70,000 (USD 116.18).

Availability and Affordability: With the rainy season now at its peak in some West African countries, the demand for fertilizers has increased, though not as much as expected compared to previous similar periods. Fertilizers are generally available, with moderate availability experienced in Ghana and Benin. Some countries are experiencing price increases due to heightened demand. Affordability remains a critical issue across West Africa, as the instability of most local currencies is contributing to the rise in fertilizer prices.

Distribution: In July, fertilizer importation, transportation, and logistics proceeded smoothly across West Africa, with minimal disruptions or border restrictions. Significant volumes of fertilizers were successfully transported through entry points and distributed to Burkina Faso and Mali. In Nigeria, logistical operations remained largely unhindered, except in the Northeast region, where security challenges-imposed transportation restrictions. The National Port Authority (NPA) played a pivotal role in facilitating efficient logistical operations and expediting clearance processes for fertilizers across West Africa, contingent upon proper documentation.

Overall market risk: With the rains fully established in most West African countries, the farming season and fertilizer markets are once again vibrant, marked by an observable increase in demand. However, despite this recent uptick, the current demand still falls short of previous years when compared to the same time frame. The primary factor driving this reduced demand is the increased cost of fertilizer products month on month, which has impacted affordability. The price increase varies from country to country, particularly in private sector dominated markets. Additionally, currency devaluation has exacerbated the situation. Whilst prices may not have increased significantly in dollar terms, they have risen in local currencies from country to country. Despite these challenges, fertilizer products have been relatively available across West Africa, with no reports of scarcity, even in countries that experienced political instability such as coups d’état. Overall, there has been an adequate supply to meet the rising demand despite the price challenges.

Benin: The Beninese authorities have assured stakeholders that stocks of Urea, NPK and SSP are in line with initial forecasts, and that supplies are being delivered throughout the country. However, they are concerned about the fraudulent export of subsidized fertilizers out of the country, following reports that some agricultural players are involved in these illegal practices.

Cote d’Ivoire: In June, heavy rains increased planting activity, leading to a predictable rise in fertilizer demand. Importers responded by mobilizing stocks, resulting in 300,000 tons of fertilizer imported into Côte d’Ivoire, meeting 100% of forecasts based on the past five years’ average consumption. Continuous stock mobilization and declining international prices stabilized the market, ensuring supply met demand. Local prices in June were lower than in May, with urea at $35, NPK 0-23-19 at $33, and NPK 15-15-15 at $37 per 50 kg bag. In the cotton sector, official fertilizer prices are awaited, with current prices at $28 for urea and $30 for NPK. Overall, stable supply and falling prices-maintained market stability, meeting the rising demand due to the rainy season.

Ghana: Farmer registration continues, and fertilizer distribution is active across all regions, particularly in the south. The country has imported 291,032 MT of fertilizers, accounting for about 65% of the annual import target, indicating strong domestic demand for agricultural inputs. In June, most fertilizer prices slightly decreased compared to May, except for NPK 23-10-5, which saw a 1% increase. As of June 2024, most fertilizer prices have slightly decreased compared to May, except for NPK 23-10-5, which saw a marginal increase: Ammonium Sulphate: Decreased by 1% from GHS 292.00 to GHS 288.00, Urea: Dropped by 3% from GHS 433.08 to GHS 420.77, NPK 23-10-5: Increased by 1% from GHS 446.82 to GHS 450.71.

Liberia: This month, the agro-dealers face a medium market risk as farmers strive to optimize yields amid hopes for government subsidies on high fertilizer prices. Despite a recent average price drop of $5, stricter entry requirements enforced by customs and revenue authorities are complicating the movement of large fertilizer shipments within the country, aimed at funding agricultural incentives. Moreover, poor road conditions between Côte d’Ivoire and Liberia, and Guinea and Liberia, are contributing to higher fertilizer costs. As the main farming season progresses, fertilizers are accessible nationwide but remain prohibitively expensive for farmers due to both purchase costs and transportation expenses. The price this month is an average of 8,775 Liberian dollars (LD). Transactions largely occur in USD due to the high exchange rate of 1 USD to 195 LD, resulting in an increase of 1,275 LD in local currency prices compared to last month. Among major agrodealers, two reduced prices from 50 USD to 45 USD in June, while the third maintained a price of 40 USD, reflecting varying market strategies amidst current economic challenges.

Nigeria: Nigeria is currently experiencing heavy rainfall across most regions, particularly in the Northeast and Northwest, which has greatly boosted agricultural activities. Farmers are actively engaged in farming due to favorable weather conditions, leading to an increased demand for fertilizers nationwide as the rainy season progresses. To meet this demand, blending plants are scaling up production, especially for NPK fertilizers. Despite this, affordability remains a challenge for many farmers, limiting the volume they purchase. High fertilizer prices persist due to production costs, transportation expenses, and currency fluctuations. The retail market reflects growing competition among fertilizer brands, driven by farmers seeking quality products at affordable prices. In June, prices generally increased, influenced by rising demand, production costs, inflation, transportation expenses, and currency instability. However, there was a slight reduction in the ex-factory price of Urea towards the end of the month, which may stabilize or reduce prices in subsequent periods. The average retail prices of urea, NPK 15-15-15, and NPK 20-10-10 saw increases, reflecting economic pressures and an exchange rate of $1 to ₦1,490 in June 2024, up from ₦1,383 in May 2024.

Sierra Leone: In June 2024, fertilizer sales in Sierra Leone saw a notable uptick compared to the previous month, particularly in the Western Area and among key suppliers in the North. This increase coincides with the peak of the rainy season, facilitating favorable farming conditions across the country. Anticipated demand growth spans small and large-scale cash crop farmers in the North and South, as well as vegetable and rice growers nationwide. Prices for fertilizers vary regionally, with higher costs observed in the Western Area compared to the Northern province, where prices are notably lower. Sierra Leone relies entirely on imported mineral fertilizers, sourced from neighboring regions and further abroad, influencing pricing dynamics linked to import costs, transportation, and distribution logistics. Throughout June, fertilizer prices remained stable, with major importers maintaining consistent prices for Urea, NPK, and DAP fertilizers. However, price variations exist among importers, with Urea prices ranging from Nle 1,200 ($54) to Nle 1,500 ($69) per 50kg bag. Average prices per ton include Nle 26,000 ($1,097) for Urea, Nle 30,000 ($1,266) for NPK 15:15:15, and Nle 20,000 ($844) for DAP.

Togo: In June 2024, widespread rainfall across Togo has facilitated robust crop establishment activities, with distinct stages observed in different agro-ecological zones. Southern regions are experiencing full bloom, while the north witnesses sowing and emergence phases. To support the ongoing agricultural season, the government had originally planned for 85,000 tons of fertilizer but mobilized 113,596 tons by mid-June, surpassing expectations. Distribution favored the south with 94,882 tons and allocated 18,714 tons to the north. Demand for fertilizer surged from 6,054 tons in May to 20,910 tons in June, reflecting increasing agricultural activities expected to continue in the coming months. Subsidized fertilizer prices set two years ago remain unchanged, with urea and NPK 15-15-15 priced at $30 (18,000 FCFA) per 50kg bag for food crops, and $23 (14,000 FCFA) for cotton-specific blends like NPK 12-20-18 +5S +1B and urea. On the open market, NPK 4-2-2 with 63% organic matter is prevalent, also priced at $30 (18,000 FCFA) per 50kg bag.

Senegal: In June 2024, Senegal’s agricultural season commenced with efforts from both private and public sectors to procure fertilizers following subsidy price announcements by MASAE. However, delays in fertilizer distribution were reported in certain regions like Kolda, Tambacounda, and Kédougou, where popular varieties such as NPK 15-10-10 were unavailable, leaving only urea accessible in Ziguinchor. In the free market, a variety of fertilizers remained available with stable prices. Subsidized urea was priced at 10,000 CFA francs, contrasting with an average of 21,300 CFA francs in the open market. Various NPK blends like 6-20-10, 15-15-15, and 20-20-20 were priced at 16,500 FCFA (26.94 USD), 18,875 FCFA (30.82 USD), and 45,000 FCFA (73.48 USD) respectively for 25 kg and 50 kg bags. Additionally, sulphates such as copper, potash, and zinc were available primarily in 1 kg and 25 kg bags, used preventively against fungal attacks and to enhance crop productivity, priced between 10,500 FCFA (17.41 USD) and 70,000 FCFA (116.18 USD). Ministerial measures at the season’s onset-maintained market stability, setting transfer prices for mineral fertilizers and ensuring phosphate distribution at no cost. Liquid and solid organic fertilizers and amendments were also available at unit prices ranging from 1,000 to 1,500 CFA francs.

Availability and Affordability: West African fertilizer markets are showing mixed price trends as the planting season begins. While fertilizers are widely available, with moderate availability in Ghana and Benin, some countries are experiencing price increases due to heightened demand during the rainy season. In response, several governments are providing subsidies to help farmers cope with the high prices.

Distribution: Fertilizer importation, transportation, and logistics have proceeded smoothly across West Africa, with minimal disruptions or border restrictions noted in May. Substantial volumes of fertilizers were successfully transported through entry points and distributed to Mali and Burkina Faso. In Nigeria, logistical operations remain largely unhindered, except for the Northeast region, where security challenges pose transportation restrictions. The National Port Authority (NPA) plays a pivotal role in facilitating efficient logistical operations and expediting clearance processes for fertilizers across the West African region, contingent upon proper documentation.

Overall market risk: In West Africa, the onset of the rainy season has marked the beginning of planting seasons, leading farmers to actively engage in agricultural activities. This increased farming activity has significantly raised the demand for fertilizers, making them essential for boosting crop yields. Consequently, fertilizer sales in the region have surged, reflecting the heightened demand. The increased demand has driven up prices, in addition to the depreciation of some country’s currency making it more expensive for farmers to procure the necessary supplies for their crops. While certain regions are meeting fertilizer demand with ample stocks and stable prices, affordability has become an issue in other areas due to fluctuating exchange rates. Overall, there was adequate supply to meet the rising demand brought on by the rainy season, although prices varied by region.

Benin: The agricultural season has commenced with the arrival of the first rains, leading to increased fertilizer demand in the southern and central regions. Government subsidies have alleviated concerns about accessibility, with over 24 billion FCFA allocated to maintain lower fertilizer prices. Urea is now priced at $25 (15,000 FCFA) per 50 kg bag, and NPK at $28 (17,000 FCFA). Without these subsidies, farmers would have faced higher costs, with urea at $33 (19,500 FCFA) and NPK at $38 (22,500 FCFA). Despite the slow mobilization of stocks, with only 200,000 tonnes available, representing 67% of the forecast, authorities remain optimistic as they expect more shipments soon at the Autonomous Port of Cotonou.

Cote d’Ivoire: The main planting season has begun, marked by the first rains and the start of sowing, which has boosted fertilizer demand among farmers. Anticipating this increase in demand, importers have continued to build up stocks to meet it. In May, approximately 300,000 tonnes of fertilizers were imported into Côte d’Ivoire, according to customs data. Regarding prices, relative stability has been observed, with prices not exceeding $42 (25,000 FCFA) per 50 kg bag for all types of fertilizers. Concerning cotton, attention remains focused on the official announcement of fertilizer prices. In the meantime, current fertilizer prices are $28 (around 17,050 FCFA) for urea and $30 (around 18,100 FCFA) for NPK, providing some predictability for farmers.

Ghana: Despite an ample supply of fertilizers in the country, buyers have struggled to afford the costs due to the ongoing depreciation of the currency against the US dollar. Most fertilizer prices saw only a slight increase in May 2024 compared to previous prices. The Ministry of Food and Agriculture (MoFA) in Ghana has authorized two companies are expected to supply NPK and urea fertilizers on behalf of the World Bank. For the 2024 planting season, approximately 31,200 bags of 50 kg NPK and 14,000 bags of 50 kg urea fertilizer have been distributed to smallholder farmers in the northern region. This distribution is part of the EU, FAO, and GoG support for enhancing food security in the country.

Liberia: The demand for fertilizers and other farming inputs has surged during the rainy season as farmers aim to boost yields for this year’s farming season. However, there has been minimal or no government intervention regarding border regulations and subsidies to support farmers and facilitate business for agro-dealers. This lack of support has led agro-dealers to reduce their fertilizer prices compared to the stable prices in the last two months. Their strategy is to minimize profit margins while clearing old stock to make room for new supplies for the upcoming farming seasons. Currently, fertilizers are more readily available and priced lower than in previous months. This increased availability allows farmers to take advantage of the slight price reduction to purchase more for the current and upcoming months.

Nigeria: Fertilizer prices have fluctuated significantly due to the volatility in the dollar-to-naira exchange rate. Despite adequate availability of fertilizer products in the market, the primary challenge lies in their affordability, particularly for smallholder farmers. These farmers are finding it increasingly difficult to purchase the necessary fertilizers due to the high costs involved. The earlier optimism seen among farmers, when prices began to decrease in the previous month, has now been overshadowed by recent price hikes. This sudden price increase has dashed hopes and created frustration among farmers who were anticipating continued reduction or stability of fertilizer prices in the market. Fertilizer sales in May 2024 have been moderately high compared to April 2024.

Sierra Leone: May marks the second month of the rainy season, with temperatures leveling up for farming operations, which are generally kicking off. Accordingly, the fertilizer demand has gradually increased and is expected to continue rising throughout the wet season as farmers engage massively in cultivating numerous crops. During this period, fertilizer dealers across the country anticipate high demand from small-scale and large-scale cash crop farmers in the North and South, as well as from vegetable and rice farmers. Fertilizer prices are expected to remain stable or see a moderate increase in some regions due to the rising demand. However, prices are relatively irregular across the country, being generally lower in the Northern province compared to the Western Area, where prices remain higher.

Togo: The agricultural season began in May 2024, particularly in southern Togo, where planting is intensifying across all farms. In preparation for this season, the state had mobilized 103,250 tonnes of fertilizers in April. In May, an additional 2,718 tonnes were added, bringing the total to 105,968 tonnes of fertilizers, distributed across 230 dedicated stores throughout the country. Anticipating the resumption of agricultural activities, 86,628 tonnes of fertilizers out of the total were allocated to the southern region, while 19,341 tonnes were sent to the north. In addition to the volumes mobilized by the state, the private sector reported importing 7,250 tonnes of fertilizers. Although agricultural activities have resumed and the supply is sufficient, demand remains low, with only 6,054 tonnes reported as purchased in May.

Availability and Affordability: In May, there were no reports of fertilizer shortages across the region, as most countries indicated availability following the onset of the planting season. However, the fertilizer markets in West Africa are experiencing rising prices in some countries while in some other countries, prices seem stable. This price increase is driven by the heightened demand due to the ongoing rainy season. In response to these rising costs, some governments are intervening by providing subsidies to mitigate the impact on farmers. Despite these efforts, high prices remain a significant concern. Many farmers have expressed worries that the high prices are limiting their ability to purchase the required quantities of fertilizer needed for their crops.

Distribution: The importation, transport, and logistics of fertilizers have generally occurred without disruption or restrictions at the borders and within most countries in West Africa. In May, significant volumes of fertilizers were successfully transported through entry points and distributed to Mali and Burkina Faso. Most places in Nigeria face no restrictions, except for the Northeast region, where security issues restrict transportation. The National Port Authority (NPA) plays a crucial role, in ensuring efficient logistical arrangements and quick clearance times for fertilizers with proper documentation in the West Africa region.

Overall market risk: In West Africa, the onset of planting seasons marks a promising start, expected to drive increased demand among farmers. Despite this positive outlook, high price concerns persist across the region (even though they are not as high as it was in 2022/2023), prompting some countries to implement subsidies aimed at alleviating the burden on farmers. Despite efforts to mitigate pricing challenges, the availability of stocks remains notably robust. Encouragingly, no reports have surfaced of scarcity or unavailability of products in any West African country, underscoring a generally stable supply chain.

Benin: The Beninese government has maintained subsidies on fertilizers following a price increase by the cotton company. Over 24 billion FCFA has been allocated for this purpose, ensuring stable prices for urea and NPK fertilizers for the 2024-2025 farming season. Without these subsidies, access to fertilizers for low-income farmers would have been jeopardized, impacting production and national food security. Planting activities have begun in various regions, driven by the onset of the rainy season. Suppliers have increased their stock to meet growing demand, with an estimated 100,000 tons of urea available in the market. Additionally, the Ministry of Agriculture has received a shipment of 45,000 tonnes of NPK fertilizers, with more expected soon at the Autonomous Port of Cotonou.

Cote d’Ivoire: The Ivorian fertilizer market is well-supplied due to consistent efforts by importers, with over 200,000 tonnes available by the first quarter of 2024, in addition to the existing 100,000 tonnes stocked in December 2023. This ample supply meets the average consumption over the past five years, indicating sufficient provision for the current agricultural season. Rising demand from farmers, content with current prices lower than those in the previous year, suggests a potential increase in fertilizer demand for the 2024 crop year. Prices have remained relatively stable between March and April 2024, not exceeding $42 (or 25,000 FCFA) per 50 kg bag for all fertilizer types combined. The cotton sector procured 146,400 tons of fertilizer for the 2024 agricultural season in October 2023, slightly less than the previous year. Current prices stand at $28 (approximately 17,050 FCFA) for urea and $30 (around 18,100 FCFA) for NPK fertilizers, pending finalization for the 2024 season.

Ghana: In April, fertilizer prices remained relatively stable compared to March prices. Moroccan 15-15-15 fertilizer is currently priced at $520 per ton ex-works, with indications that this rate is part of a relief program. Awards for the tender issued by the World Bank for Ghana’s Ministry of Food and Agriculture (MoFA) are pending. AGRA, in collaboration with Ghana’s MoFA’s PPRSD, and with backing from USAID and IFDC, has officially delivered the country’s Inorganic Bulk Blending Fertilizer Guidelines to the government.

Liberia: In specific regions of Liberia, the onset of the rainy season has sparked a surge in fertilizer demand among farmers preparing their land for planting, with expectations of continued growth as rainfall becomes more consistent. In April, the fertilizer market presented varied outcomes for different agro-dealers. Agro-dealers adjusted stocking levels in anticipation of higher sales, ensuring adequate supply to meet farmers’ needs nationwide from April into May. Despite government’s lack of subsidy consideration resulting in consistently high fertilizer prices, dealers have implemented measures to sustain their businesses.

Nigeria: is experiencing the onset of the rainy season, driving increased demand for fertilizer in the Southern and North Central regions as farmers prepare for planting. Urea fertilizer prices show a slight decrease, while NPK prices remain relatively stable. Overall, fertilizer products are readily available, supported by ample raw materials for blending, totaling over 449,485.25 metric tons.

Senegal: In April 2024, fertilizers tailored for off-season use continue to be in high demand, with varying availability across the market. Both subsidized and open-market products are accessible, ensuring farmers have what they need for the season, thereby promoting agricultural productivity nationwide. The government’s ongoing efforts to facilitate access to agricultural inputs contribute to competitive market prices while ensuring accessibility, thus supporting agricultural productivity and food security. Analysis of fertilizer prices in different cities reveals significant diversity in both available types and costs. Prices for widely used urea range from 12,500 to 30,000 CFA francs (about $21 to $50) per 50 kg bag, with higher prices observed in northern regions. NPK formulations, including NPK 6-20-10, NPK 15-15-15, and NPK 20-20-20, also vary in price, from 13,000 CFA francs in the southern region of Bignona to 45,000 CFA francs (about $75) in the north in Saint Louis. Despite minor fluctuations, overall fertilizer prices remain relatively stable compared to the previous month, reflecting diverse market needs and product availability across the country.

Sierra Leone: From the end of March to late April 2024, Sierra Leone’s official inflation rate has remained steady at 42.59%, a slight decrease from February’s 47.42%. Throughout April, the exchange rate held stable at Nle 22.5561/$, resulting in overall market price stability. Fertilizer demand remained relatively low as the dry season persisted, with the wet season expected to commence in mid-April, signaling the start of farming activities and a gradual increase in fertilizer demand. However, the slow onset of the rainy season in April led to moderate fertilizer demand nationwide, keeping prices unchanged at retail levels. As farming activities ramp up in late April or early May, it is anticipated that fertilizer demand will rise, potentially driving up prices. The unevenness of fertilizer prices persists across the country, with the Northern province experiencing relatively lower prices compared to the Western Area, averaging 20% less. Diammonium Phosphate prices remain high in the Western Area but notably cheaper in the North and South. Despite availability across Sierra Leone, fertilizer prices are primarily determined by import costs, with factors such as proximity to the Port of Freetown and neighboring Guinea influencing regional distribution.

Togo: In April, Togo experienced a surplus of fertilizer due to the government’s mobilization efforts under the subsidy program. Over 100,000 tons of fertilizer, including urea and NPK 15-15-15, were allocated, surpassing agricultural season forecasts by 100%. With 96,000 tons stocked in designated stores across the country, the private sector also imported additional fertilizer. Despite low demand caused by erratic rainfall, purchases are expected to rise gradually as agricultural activities resume. Subsidized fertilizer prices have remained stable, with urea and NPK 15-15-15 priced at $30 per 50 kg bag, while NPK 12-20-18 +5S +1B is priced at $23 per 50 kg bag. On the open market, NPK 4-2-2 is available at $30 per 50 kg bag.

Availability and Affordability: In April, the fertilizer markets across West Africa exhibit varied pricing patterns at retail outlets. Prices have generally remained steady, although some farmers express concerns about affordability hindering their purchasing capacity. Despite affordability challenges in certain countries, the overall availability of fertilizers remains steady, with no notable reports of shortages. This mixed pricing trend is anticipated to persist into the upcoming year.

Distribution: Fertilizer distribution in West Africa is gradually returning to normalcy, marking a positive shift as the impact of the Russia-Ukraine conflict diminishes. Most fertilizer ports and border crossings are now operational, indicating improved conditions across the region. Despite ongoing security challenges in Nigeria’s northeastern region, there is optimism with the lifting of various sanctions in Niger by ECOWAS. Landlocked nations like Mali and Burkina Faso have demonstrated resilience by utilizing ports in Cote d’Ivoire for fertilizer imports, ensuring a consistent supply chain. This adaptability highlights the agricultural sector’s ability to effectively navigate obstacles. Overall, the stabilization of distribution channels in the region bodes well for agricultural resilience and sustainable growth. While localized challenges persist, projections suggest stability and continuity in the vital fertilizer supply chain across West Africa.

Overall market risk: In West Africa, farmers in various countries are gearing up for the farming season as the onset of rain marks the beginning of agricultural activities. While fertilizer demand is expected to pick up as the season progresses, there has been a slight improvement in demand so far. Overall, there has been relative stability in fertilizer prices across the region, with some countries even experiencing a decrease in costs. However, Nigeria stands out with continuous price increases attributed to the local devaluation of the national currency. As of now, there are no reports of fertilizer scarcity in any West African countries. On the contrary, continuous fertilizer supplies and stocking are being reported, leading to a slight decrease in product costs in some areas. Moreover, there is smooth movement and supply of fertilizers across borders within the West African region.

Benin: In March 2024, Benin witnessed significant changes in the sale conditions of NPK 13-17-17 and NPK 14-18-18 fertilizers initiated by the cotton company, the primary mineral fertilizer supplier. These changes include limiting fertilizer allocation for food crops, requiring detailed farmer information for purchase validation, and a substantial 61% price increase for NPK 13-17-17 and NPK 14-18-18, now priced at $37 per 50 kg bag. This rise in prices has raised concerns among farmers regarding restricted access to fertilizers. Despite rising fertilizer demand due to the rainy season and agricultural preparations, these measures could potentially dampen demand, impacting crop yields and agricultural productivity, especially in central and southern regions. Although there is sufficient urea supply, the NPK stock covers only 37.5% of the expected quantity needed for the season, estimated at 120,000 tonnes for cotton and food crops. Additionally, limited availability of SSP fertilizer in shops reflects farmers’ unfamiliarity with its application.

Cote d’Ivoire: The Ivorian fertilizer market remains strong, supported by continuous supply from major importers, with about 80,000 tons of fertilizer imported by March 2024. Declining international prices are gradually affecting local prices, potentially restoring them to pre-Covid-19 levels and boosting demand for the 2024 crop year. Importers are preparing by increasing inventories and considering re-export opportunities to Burkina Faso and Mali to manage credit risks. Prices have been stable from February to March, with notable decreases compared to January. Additionally, the cotton sector secured 146,400 tons of fertilizer for the 2024 season, slightly lower than the previous year, with current prices at $28 for urea and $30 for NPK, pending adjustments for the upcoming season.

Ghana: The World Bank recently issued a procurement tender for Ghana’s Ministry of Food and Agriculture (MoFA), aiming to purchase 27,876.65 metric tons of NPKs and 9,528.85 metric tons of urea. In March 2024, fertilizer prices saw a slight increase compared to the previous month. Ghana secured a shipment of 14,000 metric tons of European 15-15-15 fertilizer, soon to be loaded onto the port, while another vessel carrying blended 23-10-5 fertilizer has departed Europe and is expected to arrive in the second week of April. MoFA has initiated farmer registration for the Planting for Food and Jobs phase two (PFJ 2.0) program, targeting over 2 million farmers this year.

Liberia: As the main farming season approaches, land preparation is nearing completion nationwide, with 10-20% of seeds already planted. Despite farmers acknowledging the importance of fertilizers, sales remain low due to high costs, despite minor price reductions for TJAL fertilizers. This disparity is attributed to varying pricing strategies among agro-dealers. Many farmers refrain from purchasing fertilizers due to cost and reliance on donor assistance, leading to stagnant prices. Agro-dealers face increased market risks while awaiting government subsidies to ease prices. The gap between farmer demand and agro-dealer sales persists, prompting expectations of government intervention to reduce prices. Despite this, agro-dealers maintain sufficient fertilizer stocks to meet demand. Presently, subsidies are only provided to agro-dealers during port clearance, resulting in high prices for farmers.

Nigeria: Nigeria’s annual inflation rate is set to rise from 31.70% in February to 32.63% in March, driven by concerns over escalating fertilizer prices. With ex-factory prices undergoing further revisions, retail prices are on the ascent, likely impacting fertilizer consumption, particularly during the wet season farming period in the Southern and North-central regions. Despite recent reports of the naira strengthening against the dollar, persistently high raw material costs and the dollar-to-naira exchange rate pose ongoing challenges. These factors contribute to the continued increase in retail prices of fertilizer products, compounded by transportation costs. Nevertheless, there’s optimism regarding the availability of fertilizer raw materials for the upcoming farming season. The country’s primary importers plan to import additional vessels of key raw materials, aiming to bolster NPK production and supplement existing carryover stock into 2024.

Senegal: As of March 2024, Senegal’s fertilizer market remains stable, with a diverse range of fertilizers available across different regions. Government subsidies have led to a decrease in fertilizer prices, improving accessibility to both subsidized and non-subsidized fertilizers and enhancing agricultural productivity and food security. Analysis of fertilizer prices in various cities reveals significant diversity in both varieties and costs. For example, Urea prices range from 12,500 to 30,000 CFA francs for 50 kg bags, while NPK formulations vary from 13,000 to 45,000 CFA francs for 25 kg or 50 kg bags. Price fluctuations on the open market show a 13% decrease in NPK 15-15-15 and a 9% increase in NPK 15-10-10. Urea experienced a notable 19% decline, with other formulations showing moderate variations, reflecting market trends and the availability of subsidized fertilizers. The availability of diverse fertilizers in each city underscores specific agricultural needs, demonstrating a dynamic relationship between supply and demand across production areas.

Sierra Leone: Fertilizer sales in March 2024 have significantly dropped compared to the previous month, as reported by major importers like Seedtech, TJal, and Jamal Enterprises. Despite this, Mangara Agribusiness made a substantial Urea sale to Sunbird Bioenergy in Northern Sierra Leone, which utilizes Urea for various agricultural purposes. March in Sierra Leone typically witnesses high temperatures, leading to reduced farming activities and lower fertilizer demand, expected to persist until early April. Consequently, fertilizer prices are anticipated to remain stable or slightly decrease in certain regions due to the subdued demand from farmers.

Togo: In March 2024, there is an abundant supply of fertilizers in Togo, with 30,179 tons of subsidized fertilizers available across the country. Out of 230 designated stores, 225 have been stocked with approximately 22,000 tons, including 9,000 tons of urea and 13,000 tons of NPK 15-15-15. The remaining 5 stores in the northern region await supplies due to the delayed onset of the rainy season. Additionally, 8,179 tons of fertilizers, comprising 6,657 tons of urea and 1,522 tons of NPK 15-15-15, are stored in Lomé warehouses. Despite this surplus, the current demand remains low, with only 73 tons of fertilizer sold in March. Looking ahead to the 2024-2025 agricultural season, a total of 33,952 tons of fertilizer has been mobilized, including 29,202 tons of urea and 4,750 tons of NPK 15-15-15. Notably, the government holds 27,000 tons of urea, while private companies possess 6,952 tons, including 2,202 tons of urea and 4,750 tons of NPK 15-15-15. Prices for fertilizer for food crops, including urea and NPK 15-15-15, remain subsidized and unchanged, priced at $30 (or 18,000 FCFA) per 50 kg bag. Similarly, cotton-specific fertilizers like NPK 12-20-18 +5S +1B, including urea, remain stable at $23 (or 14,000 FCFA) per 50 kg bag. New subsidized prices are anticipated at the beginning of the 2024-2025 crop year.

Availability and Affordability: In West Africa, fertilizer markets demonstrate diverse pricing trends at retail levels in the month of March. Currency devaluation, notably in Nigeria, has resulted in significant price increases, especially for newly imported products. Conversely, regions with existing stock observe relatively stable or decreasing prices. While certain countries face affordability challenges, overall availability remains consistent, with no significant reports of shortages. This mixed pricing pattern is expected to continue in the coming year.

Distribution: Fertilizer distribution in West Africa is gradually returning to normalcy, signaling a positive shift as the effects of the Russia-Ukraine conflict diminish. Most fertilizer ports and border crossings are now operational, indicating improved conditions across the region. Despite ongoing security challenges in Nigeria’s northeastern region, there is optimism with the removal of various sanctions in Niger by ECOWAS. Landlocked nations like Mali and Burkina Faso have demonstrated resilience by leveraging ports in Cote d’Ivoire for fertilizer imports, ensuring a consistent supply chain. This adaptability underscores the agricultural sector’s capacity to navigate obstacles effectively. Overall, the stabilization of distribution channels in the region is promising for agricultural resilience and sustainable growth. While localized challenges persist, projections indicate stability and continuity in the essential fertilizer supply chain across West Africa.